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\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{times}
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%%%%%%% PROPTERTIES
\title{GreenSONAR}
\subtitle{A multi-domain energy profiling system based on perfSONAR} 
\author{Lutz Engels \and Todor Yakimov}
\institute[University of Amsterdam] % (optional, but mostly needed)
{
{\large University of Amsterdam} \\
System and Network Engineering
}
\date{February 8, 2013}
\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.5cm]{institution-logo}{uva_logo}
\logo{\pgfuseimage{institution-logo}}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%%% CONTENT

\begin{document}

%%%%%%%%TODO slide
%\begin{frame}[noframenumbering]
%\frametitle{TODO}
%\begin{center} 
%  \begin{itemize}
%	   \item spelling
%	   \item phrases
%	   \item acronyms
%	   \item references
%	   \item layout
%	   \item more??
%  \end{itemize}
%\end{center} 
%\end{frame}


%%%%%%% TITLE-PAGE
\begin{frame}
  \titlepage
\end{frame}

%%%%%TOC
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Presentation overview}
	\begin{center} 
		\begin{itemize}
			\item Green IT
			\item Energy Profiling
			\item Proposed solution
			\item Conclusion
			\item Questions
		\end{itemize}
	\end{center} 
\end{frame}

%%%%%%% SECTION 1/3
\section{GreenIT}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{The need for GreenIT}
  \begin{center} 
   \includegraphics[width=0.87\textwidth]{images/co2temp.jpg} 
  \end{center} 
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{The need for GreenIT}
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.3\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/co2temp.jpg}
\end{minipage}
&
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.7\textwidth}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item ICT $\sim$2\% of global energy consumption/$CO_2$-emission
%   \item power consumption: $\sim$307 GW = $\sim$2x Airport Schiphol/year
   \item $CO_2$-emission: likely to overtake airline industry in near future
  \end{itemize}
\end{minipage}
\end{tabular}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}

  \frametitle{How does Green IT help?}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item Implementing virtualization.
   \item Equipment consolidation.
   \item Upgrading to newer, more energy-aware equipment
   \item Employing management systems to increase efficiency and availability.
  \end{itemize}

\end{frame}


\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{How can we further extend Green IT in Networking?}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item 802.3az Energy-Efficient Ethernet
   \item Our focus:
   
   \begin{itemize}
    \item find metrics as base for profiling 
    \item software to distribute the metrics/profiles 
    \item those lead to the following research questions 
   \end{itemize}
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Research Question(s)}
  \begin{center}
   \LARGE{"What \textbf{metrics} need to be considered in order to build \textbf{energy
profiles} of networking devices and how can such data be published by using
\textbf{distributed multi-domain monitoring systems}."}
  \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Research Question(s)}
  \begin{center}
   \LARGE{"Is \textbf{perfSONAR-PS} a suitable architecture to achieve energy profiling
of computational devices, and what are the \textbf{necessary steps} to be undertaken to
evolve perfSONAR-PS in a system we can call \textbf{'GreenSONAR'}?"}
  \end{center}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%% SECTION 2/3
\section{Research}

%\begin{frame}
%  \begin{center}
%   {\Huge Enabling energy-aware Networking}
%  \end{center}
%\end{frame}


\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Metric: absolute energy efficiency}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item metric by \emph{Parker et al.}~(2011) to make efficiency comparable

  \end{itemize}

  \begin{equation*}
	dB\varepsilon =
10log_{10}\left(\frac{Power/BitRate}{kTln2}\right)
   \end{equation*}

  \begin{itemize}
   \item
where: \\
\small{
$dB\varepsilon$: absolute energy efficiency \\
$k$: Boltzmann constant ($1.381 * 10^{-23} J/K$) \\
$T$: temperature in Kelvin \\
$kTln2$: absolute minimum energy per bit dissipated} \\
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Metrics}
  \begin{center} 
   \includegraphics[width=0.80\textwidth]{images/abseneff.png} \\
   \tiny{source: Parker et al., \emph{Roadmapping ICT: An Absolute Energy Efficiency
Metric} (2011)}
  \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{derived: absolute current energy efficiency per port}
  \begin{center} 
   \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/metric_explanation1.png} 
  \end{center} 
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[noframenumbering]
  \frametitle{Metrics}
  \begin{center} 
   \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/metric_explanation2.png} 
  \end{center} 
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[noframenumbering]
  \frametitle{Metrics}
  \begin{center} 
   \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/metric_explanation3.png} 
  \end{center} 
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[noframenumbering]
  \frametitle{Metrics}
  \begin{center} 
   \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/metric_explanation4.png} 
  \end{center} 
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[noframenumbering]
  \frametitle{Metrics}
  \begin{center} 
   \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/metric_explanation5.png} 
  \end{center} 
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Metrics}
  Decreasing $dB\varepsilon_{cpp}$ (=higher efficiency) on higher utilization
  \begin{center} 
   \includegraphics[width=0.98\textwidth]{images/graph2.png} 
  \end{center} 
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Gathering data needed for the metric}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item Power Distribution Units provide energy data
   \item port utilization can be retrieved by SNMP 
   \item derived metric can be used as 'path cost' for path decisioning
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Data dissemination: perfSONAR}
	\begin{itemize}
		\item A conjoint effort between the EU-funded GN2 JRA1 project, Internet2 and ESnet
		\item Facilitates multi-domain monitoring by removing administrative limitations
		\item Implements a network monitoring Service-Oriented Architecture (NMSOA)
	\end{itemize}
\end{frame}




\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Data dissemination: The perfSONAR framework}
\small
\underline{A three-tier architecture:}
\begin{itemize}
	\item (L1) Measurement Point Layer (MP) - Domain-specific interface wrappers around existing measurement tools
	\item (L2) Service Layer - Inter-domain exchange of measurement data and management information
	\begin{itemize}
		\item Measurement Archives (MA)
		\item Lookup Service (LS) - MA discovery
		\item Authentication Service (AS)
	\end{itemize}
	\item (L3) User Interface Layer - Reporting and visualization tools
\end{itemize}

\end{frame}


%\vspace{0.1in}
%\underline{Where L1/L2:}
%\begin{itemize}
%	\item Implement their functionality via Web-Services
%	\item Inter- and intra-layer communication uses a well-standardized SOAP protocol (NMWG)
%\end{itemize}


\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Data dissemination: The perfSONAR framework}
	\begin{center} 
		\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{../report/Figures/perfsonarDistributedMiddleware.jpg} 
	\end{center} 
\end{frame}



\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Data dissemination: perfSONAR releases analysis}
	\begin{center}
		\small Comparison of releases \\
		\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{images/perfsonar_comparison.png} 
	\end{center}
	\begin{center}
		\small PS/MDM protocol \\
		\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{../report/Figures/perfSONAR_transport_protocol.jpg}
	\end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Data dissemination: perfSONAR analysis steps}
\underline{perfSONAR PS/MDM/NC documentation}
	\begin{itemize}
		\item Installation
		\item Configuration
		\item Code base
			\begin{itemize}
				\item MPs/MAs
				\item Protocol management information
			\end{itemize}
	\end{itemize}
	\underline{Test Setup}
	\begin{itemize}
		\item Two perfSONAR instances
		\item Measurement Points that wrap around RRD archives for reading
			\begin{itemize}
				\item PDU data
				\item Network utilization (SNMP) data
			\end{itemize}
	\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Data dissemination: perfSONAR analysis steps}
	\underline{Results PS/MDM}
	\begin{itemize}
		\item No generic APIs for defining new MPs/MAs; 
		\item No documentation kept on the code base
		\item Reverse-engineering the code base was not achievable within
	timeframe
	\end{itemize}
	\underline{Results NC}
	\begin{itemize}
		\item Easily extensible MP facilities
		\item Basic implementation for trasnfering utilisation data, gathered by SNMP
	\end{itemize}
	\underline{General Results}
	\begin{itemize}
		\item Fast query responses
		\item However, a lot of XML overhead
	\end{itemize}
\end{frame}




%%%%%%% SECTION 3/3
\section{Results}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Proposed Traffic flow model}
  \begin{center} 
   \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{images/trafficflow2.png} 
  \end{center} 
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Conclusions}
	\underline{PerfSONAR applicability}
	\begin{itemize}
		\item Hard to implement new functionality due to lack of documentation
			\begin{itemize}
				\item Solution: cooperation with current developer team needed
			\end{itemize}
		\item A large code base that does not follow a data model
			\begin{itemize}
				\item Solution: cooperation needed
			\end{itemize}
		\item Large XML overhead when requesting small data sets
			\begin{itemize}
				\item No straightforward solution
			\end{itemize}
	\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%% SUMMARY
\begin{frame}
  \frametitle<presentation>{Summary}
   \scriptsize{"What metrics need to be considered in order to build energy
profiles of networking devices and how can such data be published by using
distributed multi-domain monitoring systems."} \\
  \begin{itemize}
   \item \textbf{$dB\varepsilon_{cpp}$} \\
  \end{itemize}
\vskip1em
  \scriptsize{"Is perfSONAR-PS a suitable architecture to achieve energy profiling
of computational devices, and what are the necessary steps to be undertaken to
evolve perfSONAR-PS in a system we can call 'GreenSONAR'?"} \\
  \begin{itemize}
   \item \textbf{Partially, because...}
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
\huge Questinons
\end{center}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%% QUESTIONS
\begin{frame}[noframenumbering]
  \frametitle<presentation>{References}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item perfSONAR framework: \\ \url{http://www.perfsonar.net/}
   \item Related projects: \\ \url{http://ext.delaat.net/smartgreen/index.html}
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\end{document}
